Nazca Lines A Water Cult or Early Astronomical Worship

Nazca lines: water cult or early astronomical worship? The geoglyphs on the Pampa de Nazca in Peru are as stunning as they are mysterious. Many, many theories surround the lines such as aliens, slaves, or tribute to the dead. The lines could have been created as an extension of the Inca Ceque lines in Cusco for part of the water cult and the worship of the water and mountain deities, or perhaps they were created to please a ‘sky god’ seen during the unusual amount of solar eclipses during the time of construction or even as a depiction of constellations and zodiac knowledge. Many ancient cultures, with the ancient Nazcas included, believed the sun and moon to be deities or eyes of an otherwise invisible sky god. This would be reinforced on the occasion of a solar eclipse where a ‘ring of fire’ is formed as the moon crosses the path of the sun, creating an eye-like shape as seen in figure 1 and 2. Three major eclipses occurred over the Pampa de Nazca beginning in 97 CE and coinciding with the beginning of the construction of the lines (Edgar, R. 2000). This has given rise to the theory that these spectacular artworks were signs or appreciation for the gods of the sky. When the Nazca lines were supposedly created between is debated and varies from 97 CE to 400 and 650 CE. The Nazca people constructed the lines by digging into the pampa to expose the lighter earth beneath and due to dry conditions and little erosion they have remained visible (Alford, A. F. 1998). Some linesShow MoreRelatedThe Birth of Civilization18947 Words   |  76 Pagesm yhistorylab.com CRAIMC01_xxxii-031hr2.qxp 2/17/11 3:22 PM Page xxxii EARLY HUMANS AND THEIR CULTURE page 1 WHY IS â€Å"culture† considered a defining trait of human beings? EARLY CIVILIZATIONS IN THE MIDDLE EAST TO ABOUT 1000 B.C.E. page 5 HOW DID control over water resources influence early Middle Eastern civilizations? ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN EMPIRES page 14 HOW DID conquest and trade shape early empires in the Near East? EARLY INDIAN CIVILIZATION page 16 WHAT INFLUENCES did the first Indus valley

Homelessness and Print Ad Free Essays

Cassandra Allen June 26, 2012 English 1101 Ms. Kristen Miller Homelessness Do you think you can make it? Sometimes, I wonder how others can. Others, could what you may ask? Live on the street be homeless. We will write a custom essay sample on Homelessness and Print Ad or any similar topic only for you Order Now Homelessness my affect the person sitting next to you, your best friend, or even your close family members. Just because they look like they are not homeless does not mean they aren’t. When you watch a commercial or even view a picture in the newspaper about homeless people, what do you ask yourself first? Which one do you think captures your attention more to make you feel like you need to help make a change? In this essay I will compare two mediums a video and print ad which deals with homelessness and show you how emotional appeal ties both mediums together. I also, will show you how I think more emotional appeal is shown in the video than in the print ad. Emotional appeal is showed in homelessness whether it is when you are saddened by looking at a homeless person on the street or even hearing them begging for something. When you take a look at the print ad, you have to think a picture is worth a thousand words and what does this mean. The print ad states the following: â€Å"When you give to the United Way, you’re helping homeless people overcome the obstacles in their lives by providing things like shelter, hot meals, and training programs. With United Way funded agencies helping so many in our community, make a difference is easier than you think. † The statement you have just read is posted on the print ad and it is trying to promote awareness about homelessness. The print ad does a great job of showing emotion. In the picture on the print ad, you can see a person’s hand is trying to shield a homeless man from lying on the street in the rain. This picture explains a story that helping hands can be used to help shelter people around us in need. If we join hand in hand that we can make a difference in a homeless person’s life. In the Aloha United Way 2008 homelessness commercial, it shows you how normal everyday people become homeless not just because they wanted to but because they were force to. The couple in this video was able to join a shelter. Living in this shelter helped the couple acquire jobs to help themselves. This shelter was funded by the United Way. By helping fund organizations like this, you can help like I did and take part in â€Å"rewriting the stories of over 2,400 homeless people. † So, by viewing this video it shows you that you may not be homeless but it can happen to you also as well as me. This commercial makes homelessness turn into reality and shows you how it can really be. Just like the print ad both are funded by the United Way organization. Some people may feel like the print ad and the video ad affect them in the same way. In my opinion I think the video should impact your emotions more. By watching this, you will see and hear someone’s testimony. So the video has more visualization and also has audio while the print ad just has the one picture. I feel like the print ad leaves you asking questions. Both the video and print ads are helpful in ways that they help get the message across about homelessness and promote awareness. In this essay I have talked with you about a print and video ad that both target homelessness. I have explained to you that the video ad is more appealing to me. In the sense that the print ad you have visualization but no audio as the video have both which the audio is a testimony. So, think about what I have explain to you today and ask yourself which one would you use to get more funding for the United Way organization. Bibliography AUW808. â€Å"Aloha United Way – 2008 Homelessness Commercial. † YouTube. YouTube, 16 June 2008. Web. 26 June 2012. http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=ij8yZkIZIno. Way, United. Without You. There Would Be No Way. Digital image. Coloribus. com. United Way, 17 Apr. 2008. Web. 26 June 2012. http://files. coloribus. com/files/adsarchive/part_579/5798305/file/united-way-homeless-small-76731. jpg. How to cite Homelessness and Print Ad, Essay examples

Reflection Journalism Innovation Leads

Question: Discuss about the Reflection Journalism Innovation Leads. Answer: Introduction: The aim of this reflective journal is to reflect the progress achieved with the completion of the course. The paper is divided into three major parts. The first part talks about the role of journalism in the society of Singapore, the next part reveals the skills that I have developed throughout the time and the third part deals with a comparison of the Newswriting and Feature Writing learnt during the course. Discussion: Role of journalism in Singaporean society, its evolution, future, challenges, and importance Singapore acts as one of the key strategic media centre in the Asia Pacific region. Reading, it has been found that the Government has been found to make an aggressive push towards making Singapore as the media hub of the Pacific region (Tapsell, 2014). The media industry of Singapore follows strict regulations and guidelines. It is the Minister of the State who decides the stakeholders if the media houses (Karppinen, 2015). The Print media are largely controlled by Singapore Press Holdings. The industry faces certain challenges because of a number of government regulations that largely decides the publishing and the availability of the contents of the media to and from abroad (Dobbs, 2014). Most of the local media are directly or indirectly falls under the control of the government. Collectively about 38, 000 employees are engaged with the media industry and there is an annual growth rate of S$ 10 billion ((Dobbs, 2014). Therefore, it can be easily assumed that the future of the media industry is bright and shinning. If the development journalism is considered, it has to be said that the South east regions deal with the development journalism since its independence in the need of building an independent nation and to strengthen the political stability. Sometimes, things are glamorized using media as a tool but these approaches are made for the purpose of strengthen the national identity (Fernandez, 2015). Two skills developed over the years I have learned lots of things throughout the course and have enriched my skills by many folds. I have understood that the most important skill needed for journalism is to become a good observer and a good listener. One cannot just go with the flow and write a news report or a feature on a particular issue or a topic (Ketterer, McGuire Murray, 2014). A good journalist is the one who understands the situation and then does the investigation very thoroughly and then come down to a conclusion and informs public correctly on the particular issue (Gynnild, 2014). Of the many skills that I have learnt during my Journalism course, two of the most important skills are investigation the situation and listening to people. Ideally, I should confess that I do not consider me as a good listener. Many times I have faced issues because I have unheard many things and derived at the conclusion. Another useful skill that I have developed is about investigating a matter. I have understood that it is indeed important to understand the situation well and then deriving at a particular conclusion. Comparison of the lessons learnt between Journalism 1 (Newswriting) and Journalism 2 (Feature writing) along with the progress of the writing skill Journalism 1 was concerned with writing News. These types of news are mostly event or incident related. On the other hand, Journalism 2 taught about writing a feature, where focus is made on developing a story. If a comparison is made between the two methods, it has to be said that the writing styles varies invariably. I have understood that while Newswriting, we should always follow the inverted pyramid structure and thereby, putting the most important part of the news above and the relevancy decreases as the news gradually descends (Malaysia, 2016). While writing the News, the 5W 1H format is indeed important to make the readers aware of the gist of the news. As Newswrting deals with events and incidents, primary sources and investigative reporting holds great importance. Therefore, at the time of interviewing a person, close ended questions are more preferable because it is important to know how the incident happened rather than getting someones opinion or view point (Protess McC ombs, 2016). If the feature writing style is taken into consideration, it has to be said that there a number of unique things that has to be consider at the time of writing a feature. It has been known that features cover both hard and soft news. However, the feature stories are planned and a lot of research is conducted before writing a feature. The concept of the inverted pyramid is not so strong here but the feature has to be written in a way that it keeps the readers attracted towards the story (Xie, 2015). Moreover, narrative features with the use of personifications create more interests among the readers. If any supporting information is provided by the means of interview, it is recommended to ask open ended questions because in feature writings, there lays the importance of knowing view point of others. This way an argumentative or critical approach can also be made towards the feature story. Conclusion: The reflective journal has focused on the major areas that have been taught during the course and the skills and knowledge that I have developed by this time. I would like to say that by the completion of this course I shall be able to develop a good level of confidence within me that will definitely help me in achieving my career goals. References: Dobbs, S. (2014). Singapore. Freedom from the press: Journalism and state power in Singapore. By Cherian George. Singapore: NUS Press, 2012. Pp. xiii, 272. Notes, Bibliography, Index.Journal of Southeast Asian Studies,45(02), 299-301. Fernandez, W., (2015) Journalism that aims to make an impact on the world. Retrieved from: https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/journalism-that-aims-to-make-an-impact-on-the-world [Accessed on 26-1-2017] Gynnild, A. (2014). Journalism innovation leads to innovation journalism: The impact of computational exploration on changing mindsets.Journalism,15(6), 713-730. Karppinen, K. (2015). Media Commercialization and Authoritarian Rule in China, by Daniela Stockmann Freedom from the Press: Journalism and State Power in Singapore, by Cherian George. Ketterer, S., McGuire, J., Murray, R. (2014). Contrasting desired sports journalism skills in a convergent media environment.Communication Sport,2(3), 282-298. Malaysia, U. S. I. (2016). ACJ3053-Newswriting and Feature Writing. Protess, D., McCombs, M. E. (Eds.). (2016).Agenda setting: Readings on media, public opinion, and policymaking. Routledge. Tapsell, R. (2014). Book Review: Freedom from the Press: Journalism and State Power in Singapore. Xie, L. (2015). Working the Story: A Guide to Reporting and News Writing for Journalists and Public Relations Professionals.Journalism Mass Communication Educator,70(1), 93.

Winds Essays - Wind, Atmospheric Dynamics, Trade Winds,

Winds Michael Zakrzewski March 31, 1999 Mr. Oshogobor G001 Earth Science Report: Winds There are two general types of winds, local winds and global winds. Local winds blow from any direction and usually cover short distances. Global winds blow from a specific direction and almost always cover longer distances than local winds. Both local winds and global winds are caused by differences in air pressure due to unequal heating of the atmosphere. During the day, the air over a land area is often warmer than the air over a nearby lake or sea. The air is warmer because the land heats up faster than the water. As the warm air over the land rises, the cooler air over the sea moves inland to tale its place. This flow of air from the sea to the land is called a sea breeze. During the night, the land cools off faster than the water. The air over the sea is now warmer than the air over the land. This warm air over the sea rises. The cooler air over the land moves to replace the rising warm air over the sea. A flow of air from the land to the sea is called a land breeze. A land breeze is also called an off-shore breeze. The name of a wind tells you from which direction the wind is blowing. A land breeze blows from the land to the sea. A sea breeze blows from the sea to the land. Most local winds that we are familiar with are named according to the direction from which they are blowing. A major land and sea breeze is called a monsoon. A monsoon is a seasonal wind. During part of the year, a monsoon blows from the land to the ocean. During the rest of the year, it blows from ocean to the land. When a monsoon blows from the ocean to the land, it brings in warm, moist air. This results in a rainy season with warm temperatures and huge amounts of rain. The rainy season is important to many because it provides the water needed for farming. Monsoon winds are very common in Asia. Unequal heating of the Earth's surface also forms large global wind systems. In areas near the equator the sun is almost directly overhead for most of the year. The direct rays of the sun heat the Earth's surface. The polar regions receive slanting rays from the sun. The slanting rays do not heat the Earth's surface as rapidly as the direct rays do. So temperatures near the poles are lower than those near the equator. At the equator, the warm air rises and moves toward the poles. At the poles, the cooler air sinks and moves toward the equator. This movement produces a global pattern of air circulation. Global winds do not move directly from north to south or from south to north. Because the Earth rotates, or spins on its axis, from west to east, the paths of the winds shift in relation to the Earth's surface. All winds in the Northern Hemisphere curve to the right as thy move. In the Southern Hemisphere, winds curve to the left. This shift in wind direction is called Coriolis effect. The Coriolis effect is the apparent shift in the path of any fluid or object moving above the surface of the Earth due to the rotation of the Earth. At any particular time or place local conditions may influence and change the wind pattern. At the Equator surface winds are quite calm. These winds are called the doldrums. A belt of air around the equator receives much of the sun's radiant energy. The warm rising air produces a low pressure area that extends many kilometers north and south of the Equator. Cooler high pressure air would normaly flow into such an area creating winds. But the cooler air is warmed so rapidly near the Equator that the winds which form cannot move into the low pressure area. As a result any winds that do not form are weak. About 30 degrees north and south of the equator the warm air rising from the equator cools and begins to sink. Here, the sky is usually clear. There are few

8 Principles of Stoicism

8 Principles of Stoicism The Stoics were people who followed a realistic but morally idealistic way of living, a philosophy of life developed by Hellenistic Greeks and eagerly embraced by the Romans. The Stoic philosophy had a strong appeal to Christian theologians of the early 20th century, which echoes in our own modern culture. I believe that [Stoicism] represents a way of looking at the world and the practical problems of life which possesses still a permanent interest for the human race, and a permanent power of inspiration. I shall approach it, therefore, rather as a psychologist than as a philosopher or historian.... I shall merely try as best I can to make intelligible its great central principles and the almost irresistible appeal which they made to so many of the best minds of antiquity. Knapp 1926 Stoics: From Greek to Roman Philosophy The philosophers who followed Aristotle (384-322 BC) were known as the Peripatetics, named for their walking around the colonnades of the Athenian Lyceum. The Stoics, on the other hand, were named for the Athenian Stoa Poikile or painted porch, where one of the founders of the Stoic philosophy, Zeno of Citium (on Cyprus) (344-262 BC), taught. While the Greeks may have developed the philosophy of Stoicism from the earlier philosophies, we only have fragments of their teachings. Their philosophy is often divided into three parts, logic, physics, and ethics. Many Romans adopted the philosophy as a way of life or art of living (tà ©chnà ª peri tà ³n bion in the ancient Greek)as it was intended by the Greeksand it is from the complete documents of imperial period Romans, especially the writings of Seneca (4 BC-65 AD), Epictetus (c. 55-135) and Marcus Aurelius (121-180) that we gain most of our information about the ethical system of the original Stoics. Stoic Principles Today, Stoic principles have found their way into accepted popular wisdom, as goals to which we should aspireas in the Serenity Prayer of Twelve Step programs. Below are eight of the main ideas in the area of ethics that were held by the Stoic philosophers. Nature - Nature is rational. Law of Reason - The universe is governed by the law of reason. Man cant actually escape its inexorable force, but he can, uniquely, follow the law deliberately. Virtue - A life led according to rational nature is virtuous. Wisdom - Wisdom is the the root virtue. From it spring the cardinal virtues: insight, bravery, self-control, and justice. Apathea - Since passion is irrational, life should be waged as a battle against it. Intense feeling should be avoided. Pleasure - Pleasure is not good. (Nor is it bad. It is only acceptable if it doesnt interfere with our quest for virtue.) Evil - Poverty, illness, and death are not evil. Duty - Virtue should be sought, not for the sake of pleasure, but for duty. Briefly, their notion of morality is stern, involving a life in accordance with nature and controlled by virtue. It is an ascetic system, teaching perfect indifference (APATHEA) to everything external, for nothing external could be either good or evil. Hence to the Stoics both pain and pleasure, poverty and riches, sickness and health, were supposed to be equally unimportant. Source: Internet Encylcopedia of Stoicism Serenity Prayer and Stoic Philosophy The Serenity Prayer, attributed to the Christian theologist Reinhold Niebuhr [1892-1971], and published by Alcoholics Anonymous in several similar forms, could have come straight from the principles of Stoicism as this side-by-side comparison of the Serenity Prayer and the Stoic Agenda shows: Serenity Prayer Stoic Agenda God grant me the serenity To accept the things I cannot change, courage to change the things I can, and wisdom to know the difference. (Alcoholics Anonymous)God, give us grace to accept with serenity the things that cannot be changed, courage to change the things that should be changed, and the wisdom to distinguish the one from the other. (Reinhold Niebuhr) To avoid unhappiness, frustration, and disappointment, we, therefore, need to do two things: control those things that are within our power (namely our beliefs, judgments, desires, and attitudes) and be indifferent or apathetic to those things which are not in our power (namely, things external to us). (William R. Connolly) It has been suggested that the main difference between the two passages is that the Niebuhrs version includes a bit about knowing the difference between the two. While that may be, the Stoic version states those which are within our powerthe personal things like our own beliefs, our judgments, and our desires. Those are the things we should have the power to change. Read more about The Stoic Philosophers Sources Updated by K. Kris Hirst Annas, J. 2007. Ethics in Stoic Philosophy. Phronesis 52(1):58-87.Ierodiakonou, K. 1993. The Stoic Division of Philosophy. Phronesis 38(1):57-74.Internet Encyclopedia of StoicismKnapp, C. 1926. Professor Gilbert Murray on the Stoic Philosophy (Religion). The Classical Weekly 19(13): 99-100.McAfee Brown, R. (ed) 1986. The Essential Reinhold Niebuhr: Selected Essays and Addresses. New Haven: Yale University Press.Sellars, J. 2007. Stoic Practical Philosophy in the Imperial Period. Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies: Supplement 94: 115-140.Remple M. 2014. Stoic Philosophy and AA: The Enduring Wisdom of the Serenity Prayer. In: Miller JA, and Plants N, editors. Sobering Wisdom: Philosophical Explorations of Twelve Step Spirituality: University of Virginia Press. p 205-217.

The Dobzhansky-Muller Model

The Dobzhansky-Muller Model The Dobzhansky-Muller Model is a scientific explanation of why natural selection influences speciation in such a way that when hybridization occurs between species, the resulting offspring is genetically incompatible with other members of its species of origin. This occurs because there are several ways that speciation occurs in the natural world, one of which is that a common ancestor can break off into many lineages due to reproductive isolations of certain populations or parts of populations of that species. In this scenario, the genetic makeup of those lineages changes over time through mutations and natural selection choosing the most favorable adaptations for survival. Once the species have diverged, many times they are no longer compatible and can no longer sexually reproduce with each other. The natural world has both prezygotic and postzygotic isolation mechanisms that keep species from interbreeding and producing hybrids, and the Dobzhansky-Muller Model helps to explain how this occurs through the exchange of unique, new alleles and chromosomal  mutations. A New Explanation for Alleles Theodosius Dobzhansky and Hermann Joseph Muller created a model to explain how new alleles arise and are passed down in the newly formed species. Theoretically, an individual that would have a mutation at the chromosomal level would not be able to reproduce with any other individual. The Dobzhansky-Muller Model attempts to theorize how a brand new lineage can arise if there is only one individual with that mutation; in their model, a new allele arises and becomes fixed at one point. In the other now diverged lineage, a different allele arises at a different point on the gene. The two diverged species are now incompatible with each other because they have two alleles that have never been together in the same population. This changes the proteins that are produced during transcription and translation, which could make the hybrid offspring sexually incompatible; however, each lineage can still hypothetically reproduce with the ancestral population, but if these new mutations in the lineages are advantageous, eventually they will become permanent alleles in each population- when this occurs, the ancestral population has successfully split into two new species. Further Explanation of Hybridization The Dobzhansky-Muller Model is also able to explain how this may happen at a large level with whole chromosomes. It is possible that over time during evolution, two smaller chromosomes may undergo centric fusion and become one large chromosome. If this happens, the new lineage with the larger chromosomes is no longer compatible with the other lineage and hybrids cannot happen. What this essentially means is that if two identical yet isolated populations start with a genotype of AABB, but the first group evolves to aaBB and the second to AAbb, meaning that if they crossbreed to form a hybrid, the combination of a and b or A and B occurs for the first time in the populations history, making this hybridized offspring unviable with its ancestors. The Dobzhansky-Muller Model states that incompatibility, then, is most likely caused by whats known as alternative fixation of two or more populations instead of just one and that the hybridization process yields a co-occurrence of alleles in the same individual that is genetically unique and incompatible with others of the same species.

Why is there a higher prevalence of lupus SLE found among females of Literature review

Why is there a higher prevalence of lupus SLE found among females of Afro Carribbean origins - Literature review Example These hormonal imbalances have the capability of changing the genetic makeup of an individual, resulting to the development of Lupus SLE. However, it is important to explain that genetics alone is not the factor responsible for the development of Lupus SLE amongst women. Another important factor is the environment. The environment plays a role in the development of Lupus SLE because of the ultra violet rays of the sun. Research indicates that women, who are heavily exposed to the ultra violet rays of the sun, are always vulnerable to developing Lupus SLE. In terms of ethnicity, Lupus is more common in people of African descent. One of the major reasons advanced, is because of the high rates of poverty amongst these people, making them to be unable to afford medical treatments in regard to the type of contraceptives to use. In as much as this is information that has been given, this fact is disputed, because hormonal changes are not the only factors responsible for the high rate of Lupus amongst women. This paper is a critical analysis of the ethnic and sex differences in the epidemiology and clinical course of lupus. This paper will analyze the ethnic and sex differences in the clinical and epidemiology course of Lupus. In meeting the objective of this paper, there will be a need of understanding the genetic predisposition of Lupus. This is important in helping us to understand why women and people of African origin are vulnerable to an attack by Lupus. Furthermore, for purposes of understanding this disease, and its epidemiological and clinical cause, there will be a need of identifying its causes. These are well explained in this paper. This paper would also identify and explain the neuropsychiatric consequences of lupus, and an example is the Lupus fog. It would further explain the epidemiology of this disease, and this is in relation to